Excerpt from Chapter 1:
								
								Approaching Munchen 
								Hauptbahnhof (Munich Central Railway Station) by 
								S-Bahn from Munchen-Pasing, the train passes 
								Munchen Laim, Hackerbrucke and 
								Donnersbergerbrucke before going underground to 
								Marienplatz and Central. A short drive from 
								Donnersbergerbrucke station after crossing the 
								bridge leads to the suburb of Laim, where I was 
								born on 6 July 1922 and where in 1992 I 
								revisited St Rupert's, Das Katholische Pfarramt 
								(Catholic Parish Church), to see its massive and 
								impressive christening font where I had been 
								baptised.
								
								My father was a 
								coppersmith by trade and worked for the railway 
								repair shop in Munich. In those days there was a 
								big demand for such a trade, especially from the 
								railways, as all steam engine vital parts were 
								made from copper or brass. Father learnt his 
								trade as an apprentice to his uncle at the 
								beginning of the new century, and it was just at 
								that time that the new Rathaus (Town Hall) was 
								being built on the Marien Platz in Munich. His 
								uncle had part of the contract to make and 
								install the 'Glockenspiel' in the tower where 
								every day at 12 noon and again at five in the 
								evening the medieval Knights rotate on their 
								duel ride on the upper platform, followed on the 
								lower tier by the Cooper's Guild figures 
								performing the Barrelmaker's dance. Since copper 
								was the material used in creating and making the 
								characters, my Father had a hand in the 
								installation of what has become a tourist 
								attraction now known all over the world. Father 
								told me that when the job was finished and the 
								machinery switched on for the first trialthey 
								discovered the knights were too tall to go 
								through the arches so they all had to be 
								dismantled and made shorter.
								
								Before World War I, 
								Father served his military service in an 
								artillery regiment in the city of Augsburg where 
								he met my Mother and they were married. Mother 
								came from a farmer family in Mertingen near 
								Donauw"rth, about three or four stations out of 
								Augsburg. Her maiden name was Schretzmeier. 
								Fortunately my Father was not called up for 
								military service when the war started as his 
								trade was required by the railways. Mother, at 
								that time was in domestic employment with the 
								Diesel family as an apprentice cook and remained 
								with the family long after Rudolf disappeared in 
								the Channel on a ferry trip to England. (Rudolf 
								Diesel being the inventor of the diesel engine). 
								It was never established whether he jumped or 
								was pushed though it was known that, despite his 
								revolutionary invention, Rudolf was in dire 
								financial strife when he disappeared.
								
								After the First World 
								War living conditions were grim. Wages were low, 
								food expensive and very hard to get which was a 
								direct consequence of the harsh conditions 
								imposed on Germany by the infamous Treaty of 
								Versailles. In order to improve himself Father 
								went to night school run by the railway 
								technical college in Freimann, a suburb of 
								Munich, and eventually managed to join the staff 
								of the Bavarian State Railway. This, 
								unfortunately, or fortunately, depending which 
								way one looks at it, involved being posted to 
								various stations on the rail network, mainly to 
								gain experience. My brother Wilhelm was born in 
								1920 and I must have been about eighteen months 
								when Father got his first posting to Freilassing, 
								a station on the Austrian border just outside 
								Salzburg. I remember very little of our stay 
								there except vaguely that we lived in a house in 
								the middle of a forest and was told there were 
								lots of witches roaming the woods at night. That 
								scared me quite a bit but I suppose they only 
								told me that to stop me exploring on my own.
								
								In 1925 Father got his 
								second posting, this time to Offingen on the 
								main line from Munchen to Stuttgart. From then 
								on my memory is quite clear on some of the 
								exploits my brother and I got up to. One I 
								vividly remember is when he found a pair of 
								scissors and cut off my blond curls which Mum 
								was so proud of. Perhaps Willi was jealous or 
								maybe he just enjoyed what he was doing. Anyhow, 
								I guess I was lucky he didn't include my ears in 
								his artistic work.
								
								The house we lived in 
								was next to the railway line but some distance 
								from the station. Schnuttenbach, the little 
								village nearest to us was across a wheat field 
								and was only accessible by a roundabout way 
								which meant my brother and I had very few 
								playmates and after Willi was sent to boarding 
								school in 1926 there were even fewer. I played 
								all sorts of imaginary games with home-made toys 
								- there weren't many toys in those days - and 
								the few things we had were pretty crude. I 
								wasn't allowed to go near the rail tracks so 
								spent a lot of time on the front door just 
								watching the trains go by. I was always on the 
								look-out for other interesting things I could do 
								and remember the belting I got one day when I 
								found the paint tin in the basement and started 
								painting the walls wearing my Sunday best 
								outfit. Mum wasn't too pleased about that and 
								Dad looked pretty grim too.
								
								Life got a bit more 
								exciting when we moved to the main station 
								building where there were more interesting 
								things to see and do. I could watch the trains 
								go past by simply looking out the window. The 
								platform was right outside our living room so 
								there was always quite a bit of activity as all 
								the prospective travellers assembled outside our 
								window waiting for their trains. Mum must have 
								been pretty au fait with the timetable as she 
								used to shut it to keep out the nosey faces. I 
								watched lots of trains, including the 'Orient 
								Express' which thundered through the station 
								twice a week. It must have been very important 
								as it had absolute priority on the line and all 
								other trains had to wait on side lines to let it 
								pass. It was a shiny dark green train with 
								golden stripes in the middle of each carriage 
								with 'Wagon Lit' written along the centre of 
								them. I didn't know what that meant, but then I 
								couldn't read yet, though it wouldn't have 
								helped if I could since it was French. I was 
								told that was where people slept and it puzzled 
								me that people got into trains to go to sleep 
								instead of looking out the windows. 
								Unfortunately some trains did not fare so well.
								
								I remember one 
								terrible accident where two express trains or 'Schnellzge' 
								collided head on at full speed in dense fog 
								killing 120 people and injuring many more. The 
								impact made the carriages of both trains rear up 
								like giant snakes and crush on top of each 
								other, spilling and squashing the passengers. It 
								all happened near the cottage we had lived in 
								before moving to the station. I was most upset 
								when Mum wouldn't allow me to go down there to 
								have a closer look; it wasn't proper for little 
								children to watch that, she reasoned. Besides, 
								the Army was there and had the area cordoned 
								off.
								
								Another incident I 
								remember was one foggy morning when Hubler the 
								stationmaster went to find out why a signal 
								light was not working. On the way back he was 
								knocked down by a train and cut to pieces. Poor 
								chap; I remember him well. He had a huge blister 
								on his lower lip which they said was a 
								birthmark, though I didn't know what that meant. 
								I used to get his afternoon beer from the 
								Bahnhof Wirtschaft (railway cafe) and his sudden 
								demise was a sad blow for me because I looked 
								forward to that little errand each day. I asked 
								Dad when Hubler was coming back and he said he 
								didn't think he would be back for quite some 
								time... 
								
								Offingen was an 
								industrial town. It had a large woodchip 
								processing plant and a huge paper manufacturing 
								complex as well as a large felt factory, 
								consequently there were lots of activities in 
								the railway goods yard. I spent a lot of time 
								down there as the yard was full of exciting 
								things to watch, such as timber logs being 
								unloaded and debarked by teams of workers, then 
								loaded on to horse-drawn trailers to be taken to 
								the woodchip mill and stacks of felt bales 
								waiting to be loaded on to rail wagons. The big 
								paper manufacturing complex was just in the 
								process of being dismantled and stripped of all 
								machinery, including its huge boilers which were 
								being transported slowly along the road on 
								wooden rollers, to be loaded on to railway 
								carriages - part of the Versailles Treaty 
								imposed reparations. I suppose they were 
								destined for France, or some other European 
								country.
								
								The only drawback was 
								after all the workmen and their horses had left 
								in the evening I had to go down with a little 
								cart and bucket and collect what the horses had 
								left behind. It didn't do much for my ego but a 
								lot of good for the garden. Quite often after 
								coal was unloaded by teams of labourers with 
								shovels amidst plenty of noise and dust, I had 
								to make a few additional trips to the yard to 
								collect the coal which fell between the wagons 
								and the horse carts. Mum used it to keep the 
								potbelly stove going in our living room and in 
								the 'Wohnzimmer' (best room of the house) on the 
								very rare occasions when she made that room 
								accessible for use that was mainly on holidays 
								like Christmas or Easter or perhaps when we had 
								visitors. For the rest of the year it was only a 
								show room to be kept nice and tidy and most of 
								the time locked up.
								
								Mum took me on a train 
								trip early one morning. We went to see my 
								Grand-Mother in Mertingen. Granny was sick in 
								bed. That was the only time I ever saw her. She 
								died a few months later. The farm was run by my 
								oncle and his wife. I clearly remember the dunny 
								and huge dungheap in the yard, right outside the 
								front door. They had about 25 cows and three 
								children as well and they all lived in the big 
								house together, of course the cows had their own 
								sleeping quarters seperated from the kitchen by 
								a sort of a washroom cum Laundry. All the 
								bedrooms were upstairs, right over the 'moo's 
								dormitary. (natural central heating!!!)
								
								Tony was the oldest of 
								their three children maybe five or six years 
								older than I was. Mary, the second one was my 
								brother's age and the youngest one was just a 
								baby and I can't remember her name. Mum had two 
								more brothers, one was killed in the first war 
								on the Passchendaele-Ypres front in Flanders the 
								first hour he got posted there and the other was 
								lucky enough to come back home and was now 
								working on a farm nearby. As an ironic twist of 
								fate Tony, the oldest boy, was serving in the 
								Augsburg artillery garrison when the war (W.W.ii) 
								started with Poland. He was killed in the first 
								week he got there. Mary, according to what my 
								Father told me, married comfortably into a large 
								farm in Buttenwiesen, a village near Mertingen. 
								Her younger sister was not so fortunate. After 
								the Americans left the village in 1945 they also 
								left her pregnant. She was only 19 at the time. 
								I was told she had a baby-girl. My American 
								'relation', I suppose!! 
								
								Of course the best 
								time I had was when my brother was home on 
								school holidays. We went down to the goods yard 
								on the weekends when everything was at a 
								standstill and had the whole place to ourselves. 
								We played in the empty wagons, using the brake 
								cabooses on the end of some of the goods 
								carriages as imaginary train engines but of 
								course this activity came to an end when Dad 
								found out we'd loosened the brake wheel and it 
								started to roll down the slope to crash on to 
								another car. We were put under house arrest for 
								a few Sundays after that, though it wasn't 
								really that bad as we had to go to church so 
								were always dressed in our Sunday best with 
								washed face and hands, thus ruling out play in 
								the goods yard anyway. 
								
								Our house on the 
								station had no front or back yard except for a 
								small area across the road where Dad cultivated 
								a small garden. No place outside was private so 
								the moment you stepped out the front door you 
								were on railway property. In a seperate building 
								at the end of the house, about 10 metre from our 
								living room windows were the public toilets and 
								on a hot day one never dared to open the window 
								on that side of the house otherwise the whole 
								house was immediately filled with the smell of 
								carbolic fumes, the stuff they used to disinfect 
								the urinals.
								
								The toilets were of 
								cesspit construction and had to be emptied 
								frequently. That in itself was a special 
								occasion for me, very exciting to watch when the 
								cesspit 'engineer' with his horse-drawn barrel 
								cart arrived to do his precision job. I clearly 
								remember one particular occasion when I stood on 
								the other side of the barrel and watched through 
								the spokes of the wheels how the operator ladled 
								out and emptied the stuff into the aperture on 
								top of the barrel with the touch of an expert, 
								not spilling an ounce but he must have been 
								distracted or maybe he spotted me standing there 
								as all of a sudden the contents of the large 
								ladle came oozing down on top of me.
								
								I was never allowed to 
								watch him again after that! That was one 
								occasion when Mum had to open the windows but 
								this time she was more concerned for the stink 
								to go out, not the smell to come in, while she 
								attempted to get me cleaned up. There was no 
								bath in the house and the only hot water was 
								from the cooking range in the kitchen so it must 
								have been a tiresome task since the communal 
								clothes washing facility across the road was not 
								available to her for some days yet.
								
								I remember the day 
								Father went on a trip to Munich and decided to 
								take me with him. We left on the early morning 
								commuter train to Neu-Offingen and boarded the 
								express train to Munich with very few stops in 
								between. It was very exciting sitting on the 
								wooden bench by the window listening to the 
								clacking noise of the wheels making contact with 
								the track expansion joints and stretching my 
								neck to watch the telegraph posts sweep by. I 
								was fascinated by the wires flowing in 
								continuous up and down motion from post to post 
								past the window only to disappear on going 
								through a station. But the excitement became a 
								bit too much and I fell asleep and when Dad woke 
								me it was about midday and we were in Mnchen 
								Hauptbahnhof which was crowded. The air stank 
								from burned off coal belching from the parked 
								steam engines. I hung on to Dad's hand knowing 
								he wouldn't get lost as he was born and brought 
								up in Munich and walking along the platform I 
								was sure he could see people's heads whereas I 
								could only see trousers and swishing skirts. We 
								crossed a few platforms and boarded another 
								train for a short trip to what Dad said was the 
								Ostbahnhof.
								
								Outside the station 
								square was what looked like a single railway 
								carriage in the middle of the street with a 
								stick coming out of the roof and a wheel on its 
								top resting on a wire above. "That's a Trambahn" 
								Dad said. "It runs on a rail track in the 
								street, and the stick is there to bring the 
								electricity down from the overhead wire to make 
								its motor run." I couldn't see anything coming 
								down the stick and was really puzzled, even more 
								so when the conducter pulled it by the attached 
								string and swivelled it round from one end of 
								the vehicle to the other which caused a big 
								spark when the wheel made contact with the wire 
								again. 'Clang, clang' went a bell followed by a 
								whining noise from its electric motor and the 
								street car moved off along the street. I was 
								staring at the the car until it was out of sight 
								hoping to see a few more sparks. 
								
								
								There was another 
								street car there, also on rails but with two 
								horses up front and a uniformed Kutscher with a 
								heavily bearded face stood on a platform in 
								front holding a big wheel. Ah, I knew that, 
								brake wheel, I observed to myself. Dad paid some 
								money to the Schaffner and we stepped aboard and 
								waited for more people to join us. The vehicle 
								was open on both sides so it was the Schaffner's 
								job to make sure everyone was seated before he 
								pulled a string hanging from the roof which 
								shook a bell on the Kutscher's platform. My eyes 
								were glued on the Schaffner's activity so missed 
								what the Kutscher did to the horses to make them 
								move.
								
								"Now we go to the 
								Giesinger Kirche, to the Ostfriedhof," Dad said, 
								"and I will show you where your Grandparents are 
								buried." I was quite excited, because I had 
								never met them before. I knew what they looked 
								like from a photograph at home in the living 
								room. Grand-dad was sitting on a horse and had a 
								sabre on his belt and wore a stiff top hat plus 
								a very long beard. He was in the Munich mounted 
								police. Grand-ma wore a long dark skirt which 
								trailed the floor and a white long- sleeved 
								blouse with a tightly frilled collar up to the 
								ears and had dark plaited hair.
								
								The Trambahn stopped 
								at the gates of the cemetery where we got off 
								and Dad bought a bunch of flowers from one of 
								the numerous sellers lined up at the entrance. 
								It was a long walk down the gravel path to 
								wherever Dad had in mind we were going and I 
								hung on to his hand again, his other clutching 
								the flowers. I had no idea what the place was 
								all about. Finally he stopped in front of a huge 
								stone with some writing on its face and put the 
								flowers down and sprinkled some water from a 
								little bowl on the ground. I asked Dad why 
								Grand-ma and Grand- dad weren't there and he 
								said they were but they were sleeping. I still 
								thought they could have come since I'd had such 
								a tiring day to get there, but didn't want to 
								ask anymore questions as he didn't look too 
								happy so I shut up and we quietly walked back to 
								the entrance. 
								
								Outside there were 
								quite a few automobiles. Dad said you could hire 
								them to take you wherever you wanted to go but 
								they were too expensive. I would like to have 
								had a ride in one but instead we looked for the 
								horse-drawn buggies, the Fiakers. Dad had some 
								important talk with one of the Kutschers, and I 
								was lifted up on to the wooden bench and he 
								climbed and sat beside me. "We are going to see 
								uncle Max who lives in Giesing" he said. Then 
								there was a sharp 'clang, clang, clang' from 
								somewhere behind followed by the whining motor 
								and wheel clatter of a streecar as it overtook 
								us on our left at some breath-taking speed. Just 
								as well our horse was fitted with blinkers. We 
								trotted on until we reached Onkel Max's street 
								where the Kutscher brought his horse to a 
								standstill with a hefty 'whoa' and an enormous 
								pull on his brake ratchet. Dad lifted me down 
								and paid the Kutscher who after a loud 'Grss 
								Gott' and a slight tap on my head with his whip 
								pulled out into the street again. 
								
								
								Onkel Max and Tante 
								Emelie lived on the second floor of a tenement 
								building and I remember him being bald headed 
								and much older than Dad. I thought he was my 
								Grand-dad and he wasn't too happy about that 
								though Dad had a good laugh. They had three 
								children, two boys and a girl but they were much 
								bigger than me. Dad said he had to be back home 
								again in the morning so we couldn't stay long. 
								He had some beer with uncle Max and Tante Emelie 
								gave me a Kracherl and a Brezel which wasn't the 
								best thing to do as on our drive back to the 
								Ostbahnhof in the buggy Dad had to ask the 
								Kutscher to stop because I had to do a wee and 
								he wasn't at all pleased that I did it into the 
								spokes of the buggy wheel.
								
								There were other 
								relatives living in Munich at that time. Tante 
								Amalia, Dad's sister, lived in the Schwanthaler 
								Strasse on the way to Laim and there was Onkel 
								Gustl (Gustav) who lived out in Sendlingen, way 
								past the Sendlinger Torplatz, but Dad said it 
								was too far to walk but he would take me there 
								some other time. I was glad about that as I was 
								too tired to walk anymore. I must have fallen 
								asleep the moment we got on the train as I can't 
								remember how I got home.
								
								Quite often I visited 
								the signal lamp cleaner who had his shed a 
								little further on from the toilet block. His job 
								was to collect all the signal lamps during the 
								day, clean them and fill them with carbide and 
								water and then take them back to the signals in 
								the evening. He was an ex soldier from the war 
								and told me how it had been in the trenches in 
								Flanders. He was quite an inventive chap and one 
								day he showed me how to make a bomb. He got a 
								beer bottle, put some carbide in and filled it 
								with water, closed it and put it outside in a 
								trench where it exploded and one glass fragment 
								hit me on the hand, nearly cutting off my thumb. 
								I ran home and told Mum I had cut myself on a 
								broken beer bottle, which actually was the 
								truth. Anyhow, it didn't come as a surprise when 
								my parents bundled me off in 1928 to join my 
								brother at the boarding school in Algasing.